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12. Culturally Historical Wandering around Slaný

Smečno – Svinařov – Libušín – Kačice – Nová Studnice – Hradečno – Nová Ves – Ledce - Přelíc

The track begins at the Information Centre in the Masarykovo náměstí Square (the former Piaristic College house, No. 159), we will set off along the Masnokrámská Street on to the Komenského náměstí Square, and we will take the Fortenská Street to get into the Záfortenská St. The Smečenská Street will take us out of town, all the way to the crossroads in the direction of Hrdlív. We will continue straight on to Smečno.

SMEČNO
The Smečno fortress was built in the beginning of the 13th century, and than in 1418, it became a property of Markvart of Martinice by purchase. His son named Bořita had this fortress rebuilt to a castle. Smečno remained the property of the Martinic and the Clam-Martinic family until 1921. As a part of the castle, there is also the Chapel of St. Anne, and in consequence with the origin of this chapel, there is an annual, traditional Anne´s Fair in Smečno. The castle today serves the purposes of a social care institution, and it is not open to public. However, we can have a look at the extensive manor park with rich sculptural decorations, and an interesting salla terrena from the first half of the 18th century. The path to the castle is decorated by two obelisks from the same era. Platzer´s Holy Trinity Sculpture in front of the castle is from 1744. The Holy Trinity Church was built in the second half of the 14th century. Tombstones of the local nobility were embedded in the outer enclosure walls. Opposite the church, there is a Renaissance deanery building from the end of the 16th century, and a restored statue of St. Donát, which originally used to be situated in the fields near Smečno. The stone obelisk with a cross in front of the school is from 1607, and St. George statue on the square dates back to the 18th century.

SVINAŘOV
The first remarks about the village date back to 1328. The Vyšehrad Canonry had a fortress built in Svinařov in the years 1328-32, and the "newly built" fortress was let on hire in 1332 to Fricek Dlouhý, a Prague burgess. In the second half of the 14th century, the fortress was sold. The fortress was not used, and it became extinct. A stone embossment with Piety is walled up in a blind window recess of the estate No. 1.

LIBUŠÍN
Archaeological findings document an unwalled settlement here as early as the 6th-7th century. The oldest legends present it as the seat of princess Libuše, who had it built around 650, then she married Přemysl here, and she also established Prague from here. The local fortified settlement was established in the 9th – 10th century. It was established as a border fortified settlement to protect the Bohemian tribe against the Lučany tribe, and as a gathering place for greater military preparedness. After the Bohemian tribes were united, it lost its original defensive purpose, and it practically became extinct. At the end of the 13th century, the St. George Church was built here. Near the St. George Church, a wooden belfry on an octagonal base wall forms a part of the cemetery. The oldest preserved tombstone dates back to 1644, according to the datation.
Libušín´s modern history was influenced by the finding of coal. The oldest mine here was named Mayrau – Robert, established in 1874, then it was St. John (1885-6), and then the Max mine (1888), and the Schöller mine (1895-6). Libušín, which was originally an agricultural and craftsmen village, grew to be the village of miners, workers, and craftsmen, and in 1919, it was promoted to a town. St. Prokop Church in Libušín is a pseudo-Gothical building from 1908; the statue of St. Prokop, the patron of the miners in front of the church is from 1730. In 1927, a memorial dedicated to the killed in World War I was built here.

KAČICE
The village is first documented in writing in 1318. The former fortress was probably built already by the first rulers of Kačice. However, written documents mention it first in 1437, in the time of Ctibor of Svojkov. When the village was annexed to the Smečno dominion, the fortress ceased to serve its purpose, and later became extinct altogether. It was probably situated on the premises of the former grange. The cross nearby the village chapel was built "at the expense of the citizens of Kačice in memory of the gracious summer of 1851"; the inscription on the second cross situated near the road, opposite house No. 53, is not legible. The chapel is also dated 1851. A stone statue of St. Blažej in the village green was originally a tombstone of Jan Wolfgang Herstorffer, a stonemason, from 1711. In the recess of house No. 5, there is a damaged statue of St. Vojtěch. Both the statues were found on a forest path near an extinct settlement named Německá Lhota, and they were transferred to Kačice in 1817.
North of Kačice, by the road, there is a small village surrounded by beautifull forests – Nová Studnice.

NOVÁ STUDNICE
It was established in place of a cleared forest nearby two extinct villages of Svídné and Humniště. In 1711, Jiří Adam Bořita of Martinice had the greatest estate of the Smečno dominion built in place of the extinct village and fortress named Humniště, and named it after the family name of the founder – Martinice. In the Nová Studnice village green, there is a nice restored chapel, and a statue in a recess of a corner building in the direction of Drnek – unidentified so far. From Nová Studnice, we will set off to the right in the direction of Hradečno, with an annexed village of Nová Ves.

HRADEČNO – NOVÁ VES
A stronghold or a fortified settlement – these were the predecessors of today´s villages. Yeomen´s water fortress in Hradečno used to be situated in the middle of the Hradečno valley, and its location presented a typical stone water fortress of the medieval province. It was abandoned for some time, and supposedly during the 14th and the 15th century, its owners had it restored again. The first written remarks are from the 14th January 1523, and the next then from 1542. The first written remarks about Nové Hradečno – Nová Ves date back to 1594. In 1749, a new half-timbered belfry was built in Hradečno. Nová Studnice also forms a part of the village. The settlement was established in the first half of the 18th century around a sheep-cote, which belonged to Clam of Martinice. The chapel in the village green dates back to approximately the same time. In the second half of the 18th century, Clam of Martinice had a forest-keeper´s lodge built, named "Obora" (Game-preserve). The Smečno tree-lined alley leads to this preserve, which the suzerains from Smečno castle used to get there.

LEDCE
Pre-historic settlement of the existing village locality is proved by findings of skeletons bent in the tombs overlaid by stones, with vessels, a stone chisel, and amber beads. As far as bronze is concerned, a chisel was found here, bracelets, "Únětice pin", other pins, and three golden rolls.
The village was first mentioned in 1400. St. John the Baptist Chapel in the village green is from 1782, and it was enlarged and modified in a pseudo-Romanic style in 1866. Among the sights, there is house No. 3, decorated by a stone plate with an embossment of "Laying in the Tomb" from the 16th century, and house No. 24 – a Baroque estate with a preserved Baroque gable on the residential building, and a Baroque gate.

PŘELÍC
Pre-historic settlement of the land register of the village, which also used to be called Přelice, is proved by pagan burial ground discovered in 1894. The first written remarks date back to the beginning of the 14th century, but some architectural features of the local church document the fact that both the church, and the village, have already existed in the 13th century, maybe as early as the end of the 12th century.
St. Peter and Paul Church was built in the second half of the 14th century, with more ancient features, as it was mentioned above, and it was modified in the second half of the 16th century. Wooden belfry on a stone base wall in the west corner of the cemetery probably dates back to the 17th century. The road will take us back to Slaný.

The overall length of the track is 22.5 km. It is suitable for tourists, also on bicycles. The path includes roads of the 2nd and 3rd class.
Smečno – Svinařov 2 km
Svinařov – Libušín 2,5 km
Libušín – Kačice 6,5 km
Kačice – Nová Studnice 3 km
Nová Studnice – Hradečno 1,5 km
Hradečno – Nová Ves 1 km
Nová Ves – Ledce 2 km
Ledce – Přelíc 4 km

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